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  • Sir Henry Norris and the Fall of Anne Boleyn by Kyra Kramer

    Thank you to Tudor Life magazine contributor Kyra Kramer for this excellent article on Sir Henry Norris, Henry VIII’s Groom of the Stool, and the fall of Anne Boleyn. Over to Kyra…

    Of all the men who were falsely accused of being Anne Boleyn’s companions in adultery, to point a finger at Henry Norris makes the most sense in terms of proximity and politics but the least sense in terms of his close relationship with Henry VIII.

    If historian Greg Walker is correct in his 2002 proposal that Anne’s downfall was not due to her miscarriage of a male foetus in January of 1536 but instead to some hasty words she said in spring, then Norris was a ready-made target. One day in late April, the queen asked Henry Norris, who was the king’s groom of the stool and engaged to her cousin Madge Shelton, when he planned to wed. Norris hedged that he would wait just a bit longer, which vexed Anne. In her anger she told him he was looking for “dead men’s shoes, for if ought came to the king but good, you would look to have me”. This was a major blunder. It was treason to even think about the death of the king, let alone to talk about whom his queen might marry after his demise. Norris was appalled and Anne knew almost immediately that she had said something dangerous. She sent Norris to her chaplain, John Skyp, to swear that she was a good woman and faithful to the king.

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  • The Marriage Bed of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York

  • 21 April 1509 – The Death of Henry VII

    King Henry VII by an unknown artist

    At around 11 o’clock on the night of 21st April 1509, King Henry VII died at Richmond Palace. It was not a sudden death, the king had been ill for some time and had shut himself away at Richmond since January.

    John Fisher, the future Bishop of Rochester, recorded details of Henry VII’s last days for a sermon. The king died a good Christian death but his last days were far from peaceful, they involved confession, prayer, weeping and a dying man trying to bargain with God, pleading with God that he would be a changed man if God sent him life.

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  • Henry VII

    Henry VII was born at Pembroke Castle on the 28th January 1457. His parents were the thirteen year-old Lady Margaret Beaufort and her husband Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, who, unfortunately, had died of the plague three months before Henry’s birth.

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  • Henry VII Primary Sources

    Links to primary sources for Henry VII and his reign.

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  • Tudor Villains – Open for Registration Now!

    Tudor Villains logo

    History loves its heroes.
    But it thrives on its villains.

    From Richard III to Thomas Cromwell, Anne Boleyn to Henry VIII, Tudor history is crowded with figures branded as monsters, tyrants, schemers, and traitors.

    But were they really villains?

    My new online event, Tudor Villains, explores the men and women we love to hate, and asks:

    Who decided they were “evil”?

    What actually happened?

    And what do their stories tell us about power, propaganda, and survival in Tudor England?

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  • Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Essex – Quite the Tudor Survivor

    Thumbnail for Robert Radcliffe video

    On this day in Tudor history, 26th November 1542, Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex and Lord Great Chamberlain of England, died a natural death at Chelsea, no mean feat for a man who served King Henry VIII!

    His father had been charged with treason, but Sussex rose to be a trusted royal insider. He navigated the Reformation, royal marriages, rebellions, and thrived…

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  • Queen Jane Seymour’s funeral and resting places – St George’s Chapel and Hampton Court Palace

    Thumbnail for my video on Jane Seymour's burial

    On this day in Tudor history, 13 November 1537, Jane Seymour, third wife of King Henry VIII and mother of King Edward VI, was laid to rest in St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle.

    Jane had died on 24th October 1537, twelve days after giving birth to her son, plunging the court and kingdom into grief.

    I talk about Jane’s final journey from Hampton Court Palace to Windsor, her funeral, and also how her remains were actually buried in TWO places…

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  • John Redman – Theologian, royal chaplain and scholar

    Trinity College Cambridge

    On this day in Tudor history, 4th November 1551, theologian, royal chaplain, and scholar John Redman, the first Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, died of consumption.

    Redman was one of Tudor England’s most brilliant and balanced minds, a man who sought to reconcile faith, scholarship, and conscience in an age of division.

    He served both Henry VIII and Edward VI, and tried to tread a middle way, defending traditional Catholic ideas while embracing elements of reform…

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  • The Human Cost of the Dissolution

    Thumbnail for Human Cost of the Dissolution video

    On this day in Tudor history, 23rd October 1538, Thomas Goldwell, prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, wrote to Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII’s chief advisor and vicar general.

    Goldwell was frightened. The world he knew was collapsing due to the king and Cromwell’s dissolution of the monasteries.

    The prior begged to keep his “poor lodging” for life, adding the heartbreaking words: “I would rather die than live, if it were God’s pleasure.”

    Goldwell’s letter shows us the human side of the Reformation.
    Behind every confiscated abbey and looted shrine was a person left wondering how to live in a changed world.

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  • Sir Edward Poynings, the Tudor fixer who changed Ireland

    Thumbnail for video on Edward Poynings

    On this day in Tudor history, 22nd October 1521, Sir Edward Poynings, soldier, administrator, and diplomat, died at his manor of Westenhanger in Kent.

    He’s not a household name, but “Poynings’ Law” was quite a legacy. That law shaped Irish governance until the late 18th century

    Poynings helped Henry VII restore royal control in Ireland, hunted pirates off the Flemish coast, and later steered diplomacy for Henry VIII…

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  • Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, grandfather of Lady Jane Grey, and a rich and influential man

    Coat of arms of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset

    On this day in Tudor history, 10th October 1530, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, magnate, soldier, jouster, court insider, and Lady Jane Grey’s grandfather, died. He was buried at at Astley Collegiate Church in Warwickshire.

    He was a well-connected man – his grandmothers were Elizabeth Woodville and Catherine Neville, sister of “The Kingmaker”, and at his death, he was one of the richest men in England.

    Find out more about the man imprisoned by Henry VII, but released by Henry VIII…

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  • The birth of Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen and Gloriana

    Elizabeth i Rainbow Portrait

    On this day in Tudor history, 7th September 1533, at Greenwich Palace, Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII, gave birth to a daughter who would grow up to be Queen Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, Good Queen Bess, a queen who would rule England for over 44 years.

    Find out more about her birth, the reactions and celebrations…

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  • Sir Thomas Paston, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber

    Thumbnail for Sir Thomas Paston video

    On this day in Tudor history, 4th September 1550, Sir Thomas Paston, a gentleman of the privy chamber under Henry VIII and Edward VI, died.

    He was, of course, a member of the Pastons of Norfolk, a family famed for the Paston Letters, a treasure trove of family correspondence from the 1400s into the 1500s, which give us a vivid, everyday view of gentry life at the time.

    Find out more about Sir Thomas Paston in my video, as I trace his journey from younger son to royal insider…

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  • Charles Brandon: A Tudor Survivor with a Tangled Love-life

    Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

    On 22nd August 1545, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, died a natural death, ending the life of one of the most colourful and daring figures of Henry VIII’s reign.

    His tangled love-life had seen him set aside a pregnant fiancée (or wife) to marry her aunt, secretly marry the king’s favourite sister, and marry his 14-year-old ward, who was actually promised to his son… but he remained the king’s closest ally for nearly four decades.

    Find out more about Charles Brandon…

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  • A Groom of the Stool and Tudor Survivor You’ve Never Heard of – Sir Thomas Heneage

    Sir Thomas Heneage's tomb

    On this day in Tudor history, 21st August 1553, Sir Thomas Heneage died a natural death just days after he’d congratulated a victorious Queen Mary I.

    He was quite the survivor. He began his career in the household of Cardinal Wolsey, but then transferred to King Henry VIII’s privy chamber, surviving his former master’s fall and rising to the position of groom of the stool. Then, despite his Catholic faith, he served in Edward VI’s privy chamber, and rode to Ipswich during the succession crisis of 1553 to congratulate Mary when it became clear she was victorious against Queen Jane.

    Survival at the Tudor court wasn’t about luck, it was about timing, tact, and knowing when to step forward… and when to step back…

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  • The princess who lived in the shadow of kings – Katherine of York

    Katherine of York video thumbnail

    On this day in history, 14th August 1479, Katherine of York was born.

    She was the daughter of King Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the sister of Queen Elizabeth of York and the Princes in the Tower, and the aunt of Henry VIII. She was at the very heart of Plantagenet and Tudor dynasties — living through regime change, rebellion, and royal funerals, yet she chose to live out her final days on her estates in Devon.

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  • Still Fighting the Dead: Germain Gardiner’s Scathing Attack on Martyr John Frith

    Martyr John Frith

    On this day in Tudor history, 1st August 1534, in the reign of Henry VIII, Catholic gentleman Germain Gardiner published a scathing posthumous attack on Protestant martyr John Frith.

    Frith was dead though, he’d been burnt at the stake over a year before.

    But who was Frith? And why did Gardiner care enough to write such a fiery rebuttal after his death?

    And how did both men end up executed for their beliefs?

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  • The Tiny Tudor Ship that Crossed the Atlantic – John Cabot and The Matthew

    The Matthew

    England’s very first official voyage of exploration to the New World didn’t begin in London—or even under an Englishman’s command. It began in Bristol in 1497 and was undertaken by Italian entrepreneur John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto).

    Backed by Henry VII, Cabot’s bold journey in search of Asia, but actually to the coast of North America, marked the quiet beginnings of England’s imperial story—decades before Henry VIII or Elizabeth I ever dreamed of global power…

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  • The Downfall of Germain Gardiner, John Larke & the Prebendaries’ Plot

    A portrait of Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke.

    By the early 1540s, England’s religious landscape was a minefield. The dissolution of the monasteries had shaken traditional Catholic structures, and Protestant reformers like Archbishop Thomas Cranmer were pushing Henry VIII’s Church further from Rome.

    Not everyone was on board.

    A faction of conservative clergy and laymen began working covertly to stop these changes. This movement, known as the Prebendaries’ Plot, was centred around five prebendary canons of Canterbury Cathedral, including William Hadleigh, a former monk of Christchurch Canterbury.

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  • Thomas Wriothesley’s Fall

    Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, by Hans Holbein the Younger

    6th March 1547 was a day of humiliation for Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton. Once one of the most powerful men in England, he found himself stripped of the Great Seal of office and confined to his home. But how did a man who had been Henry VIII’s trusted Lord Chancellor fall so fast?

    Wriothesley was a rising star of the Tudor court. Born in 1505, he was the son of a herald, educated at Cambridge, and started his career working for none other than Thomas Cromwell. He was ambitious, intelligent, and, according to his friend John Leland, quite good-looking!

    His big break came in the 1530s when he became a key figure in Henry VIII’s government. He played a role in the annulment of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves, helped investigate Catherine Howard, and eventually became Lord Chancellor in 1544. He was trusted, powerful, and wealthy—owning vast estates, including the former Titchfield Abbey, which he transformed into his grand home.

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  • Margaret Tudor marries for the third time

    Detail of Margaret Tudor's face from a portrait of her by Daniel Mystens

    On this day in Tudor history, 3rd March 1528, Margaret Tudor, sister of King Henry VIII and widow of King James IV of Scotland, married for the third time.

    Margaret, 38 years old, had already been twice married. Her first husband, King James IV of Scotland, had died at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, leaving her as regent for their young son, James V. However, her controversial second marriage to Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, led to political turmoil. The Scottish nobility opposed the match, and she lost her position as regent. When she returned to Scotland after a brief stay in England, she discovered that Angus had been living openly with a former lover, Lady Jane Stewart. Determined not to remain in an unhappy marriage, Margaret fought for an annulment, despite opposition from none other than her own brother, Henry VIII, who at the time did not believe in divorce.

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  • Anne Line, Margaret Clitherow and Margaret Ward – Three Catholic Martyrs

    A statue of Anne Line

    Today, on the anniversary of Anne Line’s execution, on 27th February 1601, I’m honouring her and two other remarkable women, Margaret Clitherow and Margaret Ward, who gave their lives for harbouring Catholic priests in Elizabethan England.

    Their crime? Offering sanctuary to men whose very existence had been outlawed. Their fate? Torture, brutal executions, and posthumous sainthood.
    But why was it so dangerous to harbour a priest in the reign of Elizabeth I?

    In Tudor England, religion wasn’t just a matter of personal belief—it was a matter of life and death.

    Following Henry VIII’s break with Rome, England became a Protestant nation. But when his daughter Mary I took the throne, she restored Catholicism and a couple of hundred Protestants burned at the stake. Then, in 1558, Elizabeth I became queen, and England swung back to Protestantism.
    Catholics who had hoped for tolerance soon realised that Elizabeth’s government viewed them as a threat. When the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570, it escalated the conflict. Catholics were now seen as potential traitors—loyal to the Pope, not the queen.

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  • Anne Herbert (née Parr), Countess of Pembroke and a Queen’s sister

    Anne Parr

    She served five of Henry VIII’s queens, witnessed scandal, betrayal, and power shifts, and became the closest confidante of the last Tudor queen consort—yet history has largely forgotten her.

    She was Anne Herbert (née Parr), Countess of Pembroke, the younger sister of Catherine Parr.

    Anne played a key role in Tudor court life, navigating its dangers with intelligence and grace. She stood beside queens who lost their heads, carried out high-stakes royal duties, and even found herself entrusted with the doomed Catherine Howard’s jewels.

    But who was Anne Herbert beyond her royal connections? What was her true role at court? And how did she manage to stay in favour through so many royal changes?

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  • Lady Margaret Douglas, a Royal Rebel

    Miniature of Lady Margaret Douglas by Nicholas Hilliard

    On this day in Tudor history, 19th February 1567, while imprisoned in the Tower of London, Lady Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, received devastating news – her son, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, King of Scotland, had been brutally murdered at Kirk o’ Field in Edinburgh.

    But this wasn’t just the loss of a son, it was the destruction of her dynastic ambitions, the shattering of her hopes for the future, and yet another chapter of heartbreak in Margaret’s turbulent life.

    So, who was Margaret Douglas, why was she in the Tower, and what did this moment mean for her—and for the tangled web of Tudor and Stuart politics?

    Margaret Douglas was no ordinary noblewoman, she was a granddaughter of Henry VII, and the daughter of Margaret Tudor (Henry VIII’s sister) and her second husband, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. This made her a first cousin to Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, and a serious contender for the English throne in the eyes of many.

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  • Mary I and Elizabeth I – Similarities and Differences

    Mary I and Elizabeth I

    On 18th February 1516, Mary I of England was born, a Tudor princess who would go on to become England’s first crowned queen regnant. To commemorate her birth, I want to explore the fascinating similarities and stark differences between Mary I and her half-sister, Elizabeth I.

    Both were daughters of Henry VIII, both were queens in their own right, and both faced incredible challenges. But while Mary’s reign lasted just five years, Elizabeth ruled for over 44 years, shaping what is often seen as England’s Golden Age.

    So, what did these two queens have in common? And where did they differ?

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  • Mary, Queen of Scots falls for Lord Darnley’s charms

    Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley

    On 17th February 1565, Mary, Queen of Scots met Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley at Wemyss Castle in Scotland, and fell in love.

    It seemed like a fairy tale. Darnley was young, tall, handsome, and charming. He was of royal blood, with claims to both the Scottish and English thrones. He was the son of Lady Margaret Douglas—Mary’s own cousin—and Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, whose family had spent years in exile after being declared traitors. The House of Lennox had once supported Henry VIII’s attempts to control Scotland, and by the 1560s, they were eager to regain their influence.

    But for Mary, Darnley appeared to be the perfect husband – a man who could help her strengthen her claim to the English throne, provide her with heirs, and reinforce her position in Scotland. Plus she’d rather fallen under his spell – he was quite the charmer.

    Yet, this love match was one of the worst decisions she ever made – a decision that set her on a course toward scandal, betrayal, and ultimately, her downfall.

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  • The Executions of Queen Catherine Howard and Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford

    Catherine Howard

    On this day in Tudor history, 13th February 1542, Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII, and Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, were executed at the Tower of London.

    Their crime?

    Treason against the king – but was Catherine guilty of more than youthful indiscretion? And why was Jane condemned alongside her?

    The story of Catherine Howard is one of ambition, betrayal, and a tragic downfall. A young queen who once captured the heart of Henry VIII, she would ultimately face the same fate as her infamous cousin, Anne Boleyn. But Catherine’s downfall wasn’t just about her past—her secret meetings with Thomas Culpeper proved to be her undoing.

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  • Elizabeth of York, Queen of Hearts

    A portrait of Elizabeth of York, queen consort of Henry VII

    On this day in Tudor history, 11th February 1466, Elizabeth of York was born at Westminster Palace.

    She was the daughter of a king, the sister of the Princes in the Tower, the wife of Henry VII, the mother of Henry VIII, and the grandmother of Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I and James V. Her bloodline shaped the future of England, but she’s often overshadowed by the powerful men and women she was related to.

    But Elizabeth was no passive figure. She was a key part of dynastic politics, and her marriage helped end the Wars of the Roses. Today, I’m exploring her remarkable life, her role in uniting the warring houses of Lancaster and York, and why she truly deserves to be remembered as the Queen of Hearts.

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  • Sir Edward Stafford – A diplomat and suspected spy

    William Cecil, Philip II, Elizabeth I and Sir Francis Walsingham

    On this day in history, 5th February 1605, Sir Edward Stafford, Elizabethan diplomat, MP, and suspected spy, died. His life was one of political manoeuvring, intrigue, and scandal—his story a fascinating mix of loyalty, ambition, and betrayal.

    So, who was Edward Stafford, and why does his name carry the stain of espionage?

    Born in 1552, Edward had impressive Tudor lineage. His mother, Dorothy Stafford, was the granddaughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (executed by Henry VIII), and also the great-granddaughter of George, Duke of Clarence, who was allegedly drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine on the orders of his brother, Edward IV.

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